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- A type of public housing, usually an apartment in an estate, available for a relatively low rent with an option to buy as long as the property is retained for a minimum of five years. HLM are built and managed either by public bodies, by the private sector supported by state loans, or by cooperatives. About 13 million people live in HLM.
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- This qualification, awarded by competitive examination or concours, entitles the holder to teach at the highest level in secondary and tertiary education. In most subjects, the number of candidates exceeds the number of places available. The successful agregé/-ée is then committed to five years of service in either a state school or a university.
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- In force since November 1999, this new civil contract is designed to safeguard the common interests of partners living together either in mixed or in same-sex couples. The PACS does not apply to under 18s, to couples who are blood relatives or those already in another marriage or relationship. The PACS entails certain obligations on the part of the couple such as a commitment to mutual support and maintenance and shared responsibility for joint expenses. By the same token, couples have rights in the areas of accommodation, property, taxation, social security, employment and inheritance.






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