The deterrent can take physical forms such as vehicle immobilisation exemplified by the wheel clamp and non-physical forms such as levying parking charges to the registered vehicle owners.
These guys have it down to a fine art and once the initial wheel clamps are in place there is no turning back, as far as the authorities are concerned.
Whereas a traffic warden or police officer has jurisdiction over public roads, in many countries, the law allows landowners to wheel clamp vehicles parking on their property without permission.
Despite a forensic examination of the wheel clamps that had been securing the caravan the offender was never traced and the vehicle was never recovered.
